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Exploitation of Digital Surface Models from Optical Satellites for the Identification of Buildings in High Resolution SAR Imagery

Ilehag, Rebecca (2016) Exploitation of Digital Surface Models from Optical Satellites for the Identification of Buildings in High Resolution SAR Imagery. Master's, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm.

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Abstract

Interpreting a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image and detecting buildings can be a difficult task visually. In order acquire an overview of an area that has been affected by a disaster, such as an earthquake, SAR is useful due to its independence of weather conditions and the time of the day. GeoRaySAR, a simulator that has been developed by German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Technical University of Munich (TUM), uses prior knowledge about the geometry extracted, from e.g. a Digital Surface Model (DSM), in order to identify buildings in high resolution SAR data. The simulator has previously utilized DSMs generated from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data with a vertical and horizontal resolution of 0.1 meters and 1 meter respectively without vegetation. However, DSMs of such high quality is not available everywhere. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate DSMs generated from high-resolution optical data for identifying building in high resolution SAR data in GeoRaySAR. Specifically, images from the spaceborne sensor WorldView-2 have been utilized in this thesis for the extraction of the geometry. The DSMs have been preprocessed in terms of removal of vegetation and reduction of the noise level. The SAR images, acquired from TerraSAR-X, were utilized in GeoRaySAR in order to detect buildings with the assistance of the DSM. A image size limitation that existed in GeoRaySAR has been addressed by adding tiling, which is based on the size of the study scene. Normalized DSM (nDSM) can be determined by calculating the difference between a DSM and a DTM. A nDSM, that received some adjustments, was used as input to GeoRaySAR and compared with the results from the normal DSM. Study areas in three cities, Munich, London and Istanbul, have been used to determine the advantages and limitations of GeoRaySAR and the impact the quality of the DSM has on the building extraction results. The results indicate that building extents can be detected with DSMs generated from optical data with various success, dependent on the quality of the DSM and on which incidence angle the SAR image was acquired in. The ability to interpret a scene increases with the usage of DSMs of higher quality and with SAR images taken in less steep incidence angles. The building DSM depends heavily on the quality of the DTM, but indicates good results and little data loss in study scenes where the DTM successfully removed all objects above ground.

Item URL in elib:https://elib.dlr.de/105395/
Document Type:Thesis (Master's)
Title:Exploitation of Digital Surface Models from Optical Satellites for the Identification of Buildings in High Resolution SAR Imagery
Authors:
AuthorsInstitution or Email of AuthorsAuthor's ORCID iDORCID Put Code
Ilehag, RebeccaKTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Date:30 June 2016
Refereed publication:No
Open Access:No
Number of Pages:77
Status:Published
Keywords:remote sensing, synthetic aperture radar, digital surface models, simulation, ray tracing, filtering
Institution:KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm
Department:School of Architecture and the Built Environment
HGF - Research field:Aeronautics, Space and Transport
HGF - Program:Space
HGF - Program Themes:Earth Observation
DLR - Research area:Raumfahrt
DLR - Program:R EO - Earth Observation
DLR - Research theme (Project):R - Vorhaben hochauflösende Fernerkundungsverfahren (old)
Location: Oberpfaffenhofen
Institutes and Institutions:Remote Sensing Technology Institute > Photogrammetry and Image Analysis
Deposited By: Auer, Dr. Stefan
Deposited On:26 Jul 2016 15:05
Last Modified:16 Dec 2016 14:51

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