Psychological Evaluation of the European Astronaut Applicants: Results of the 1991 Selection Campaign

Kurzfassung

Introduction: In summer 1991 the European Space Agency (ESA) performed its second selection campaign since 1977 in order to find 10 astronaut candidates (laboratory specialists and space plane specialists). An integral part of this selection process was the psychological evaluation according to the principles laid down in the study report "Definition of Psychological Testing of Astronaut Candidates". Methods: After national preselections, 59 applicants participated in the psychological evaluation which consisted of the assessment of operational aptitudes (basic cognitive and psychomotor functions) and personality traits (motivation, social capability, stress resistance). The test program included a diverse number of tests, questionnaires, behavioral ratings, biographical data, and semi-structured interviews. About 50 scores were available for each subject. Results: A comparison of the test scores with the original normative data, culture-fairness of the psychological selection, and discriminant functions analysing the assessment decisions will be presented and discussed.