Unified Infrastructure-as-a-Service Platform for Distributed Co-Simulation of Networked Microgrids (IaaS Platform)

Kurzfassung

The objective of the two short-term stays under ERIGrid 2.0 Lab Access Program is to sim ulate a user test-case of a synthetic Low Voltage (LV) grid in the unified Infrastructure-as-a Service (IaaS) platform through networked co-simulation and digital twins. The primary objec tive of the conducted tests is to show a proof-of-concept of the IaaS platform for simulation of Cyber-Physical Power Systems (CPPSs) under constrained lab infrastructures and ease of development of the new models. The grid model simulated in the Digsilent PowerFactory en vironment incorporates a digital twin simulation model of a Grid Forming Inverter (GFMI) and consumption from an Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station running in dedicated remote Mat lab instances. A resistive load emulated by the RTDS system connected to an on-site power amplifier at the IntelligentEnergy Testbed in VTT is also connected to the modeling platform. The consumption of the resistive load is fed to the simulation model in real-time. The overview of the complete co-simulated grid model is shown in Figure 1 The inputs and outputs of both simulated as well as real-time models are interfaced to the grid model by a methodology referred to as Composite Modeling in the IaaS. Composite Mod eling requires the following necessary descriptors that are written for each component in the IaaS. 1. Remote web service for communication between each simulator and the the IaaS 2. protocol converter for communication between the each remote web service and the in stance of the model Originally, 3 scenarios (Scenario 1- Scenario 3) listed in Table 1 are simulated for various discrete co-simulation step-sizes. The model is extended during our 2nd visit with a 5G com munication link between the RTDS and the IaaS and 3 additional scnenarios (Scenario 4 Scenario 6) are simulated with 5G link. The following target metrics described in the canvas document are evaluated for the successful testing of the IaaS. The description of target metrics is as follows: 1. Functionality test described by the consistency of the simulation results of digital twins. - Functionality test invalidated from the response of digital twins to a frequency disturbance event generated in the synthetic grid model for simulated and real-time components in each scenario. The details of the simulation results, including illustrations, are described in the complete report. 2. Round Trip Delay (RTD) of the IaaS described by the co-relation between the elapsed time elapsed and the co-simulation time step ∆tco−sim for the simulated scenarios. - Elapsed time is evaluated for each simulation scenario and summarized in Table 1. The following key statements are valid from the evaluated target metrics in the project test case. - Increasing the co-simulation step-size (∆tco−sim) reduces the observability of the simulation. - Increasing the co-simulation step-size (∆tco−sim) reduces the elapsed time elapsed of the simulation. - Increasing the co-simulation step-size (∆tco−sim) increases the time delay between the actual response and observed response of the digital twins in the simulation. It is concluded that the co-simulation step-size (∆tco−sim) is a design parameter specific to the application. There exists a trade-off between system observability and system delay. Higher delays and elapsed times are generally acceptable for co-simulation setup with only simulated components, whereas lower delays are preferred for co-simulation setup with real components. It is also concluded that the 5G Link has a minimal effect on the results of the digital twins and the elapsed times of the IaaS platform.