Effects of Charging Strategies and Policies on Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure From a Microscopic Perspective

Kurzfassung

The growing number of battery electric vehicles (BEV) implies changes in urban infrastructure. Large amounts of charging stations are to be built within few years to supply energy for a mostly electric vehicle fleet. In parallel the power grid has to be adapted to the growing energy demand. However charging behaviour depends on mobility patterns and which type of charging stations can be accessed. For example, charging at work is mostly restricted to employees and happens during working hours. Public charging stations cater any BEV user but take precious public space. In this work several charging station configurations for a city are studied on a microscopic level together with different BEV shares and charging strategies and policies. 24 hour working day SUMO microscopic traffic demand travels along trip chains and charges their electric vehicle battery when needed. Parking and charging infrastructure is limited to reasonable capacity for a medium sized German city. Then the configurations are evaluated with respect to charging station usage and the expected energy demand/supply of BEV for balanced and time-shift charging strategies as well as vehicle-to-home/vehicle-to-grid policies. Applying these strategies and policies on a large scale can lower the energy peak demand visibly.