NICOLHy - Novel Insulation Concepts for LH2 Storage Tanks Project deliverable D1.1 LH2 storage tank and insulation technologies, applications, and standards

Kurzfassung

As the world transitions toward sustainable energy sources, hydrogen has emerged as a key player in the clean energy landscape due to its versatility and potential for widespread application. Liquid hydrogen (LH2) offers a promising solution for large-scale energy storage and transportation, owing to its high energy density. However, the storage and transport of LH2 pose significant technical challenges, primarily due to its extremely low boiling point of -253°C, which demands advanced cryogenic storage systems. Large-scale LH2 storage is crucial for establishing a robust hydrogen economy. However, upscaling the storage technology poses several hurdles. The existing technologies used in small and medium-sized storage systems are not suitable for large-scale applications due to long production times, low failure tolerance, and the limitations of spherical tank designs, which can reduce payload efficiency by up to 50 %.The NICOLHy project is at the forefront of addressing these challenges by developing a novel insulation concept based on vacuum insulation panels (VIP). This innovative approach aims to enable the safe, cost-effective, and energy-efficient storage of large quantities of LH2, with capacities ranging from 40.000 m³ to over 200.000 m³. This project seeks to overcome the existing limitations of LH2 tanks by developing a modular, open-form storage system that is time- and cost-efficient across production, operation, and service phases. The system is designed to be multi-failure tolerant and applicable for both onshore and offshore installations. Deliverable D1.1 provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art analysis of LH2 storage systems, with a focus on their application in long-distance delivery, such as in the shipping sector, and large-scale onshore storage. The analysis encompasses a variety of insulation techniques, tank construction methods, and the various components that contribute to the overall efficiency and safety of LH2 storage systems. Additionally, the document reviews existing standards and guidelines relevant to the design, operation, and safety of these systems. The insights gathered in this document aim to inform other work packages within the NICOLHy project, supporting the development of a more efficient, cost-effective, and safer LH2 storage solution.