A Comparative Analysis of Turbofan and Turboprop Aircraft Using an Integrated Life Cycle Assessment and Climate Impact Approach

Abstract

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an established and widely used method for evaluating the environmental impact of product systems. In recent years, the number of LCA studies in the aviation industry has increased considerably, for example as part of the European Green Deal, which sets more stringent environmental requirements for aviation and encourages the development of climate-neutral technologies and the reduction of emissions. Conventional LCA studies frequently encounter difficulties when attempting to capture the complex and dynamic nature of aircraft operations. However, these aspects are of crucial importance, particularly in the context of comprehensive comparative studies, where the implementation of new technologies often results in operational changes. Our study presents an innovative approach that combines traditional LCA and climate impact evaluation with discrete-event simulation to dynamically model and assess an aircraft’s life cycle. A case study of two conventional A321-like aircraft that differ only in their propulsion system (turbofan vs turboprop engine) is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of this method for a detailed life cycle assessment. Furthermore, the study investigates the environmental impacts of using power-to-liquid compared to conventional kerosene in different flight networks. The objective of our research is to demonstrate the advantages of combining LCA with climate impact evaluation for a comprehensive environmental assessment in aviation. We emphasize the importance of this approach, particularly for new aircraft concepts, in order to identify possible technological or operational levers for reducing the climate impact. Additionally, our research provides a promising foundation for both aviation and other research disciplines, aiming to avoid burden shifting to other environmental factors.