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Translating physics to microbiology: spore resistance to terrestrial and extraterrestrial extremes

Moeller, R. (2017) Translating physics to microbiology: spore resistance to terrestrial and extraterrestrial extremes. In: BIOspektrum - Das Magazin für Biowissenschaften - Abstractbook - Sonderausgabe (D13808), Seite 154. Springer. MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION 2017, 5th Joint Conference of the DGHM & VAAM, VAAM Annual Meeting 2017, 69th Annual Meeting of the DGHM, 2017-03-05 - 2017-03-08, Würzburg, Germany. ISSN 0947-0867.

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Kurzfassung

Spore-forming bacteria are of particular concern in the context of planetary protection because their tough endospores are capable of withstanding certain sterilization procedures as well as harsh environments (Nagler et al., 2015, 2016; Nicholson et al., 2012). Spores of Bacillus subtilis have been shown to be suitable dosimeters for probing extreme terrestrial and extraterrestrial environmental conditions in astrobiological and environmental studies. During dormancy spores are metabolically inactive; thus substantial DNA, protein, tRNA and ribosome damage can accumulate while the spores are incapable of repairing and/or degrading damaged DNA and proteins. Consequently, damage to essential components of spores poses a unique problem, since damage repair does not occur until the processes of spore revival. Spores appear to have two possible ways to minimize deleterious effects of environmental extremes: (i) by protecting dormant spore macromolecules (in particular the spore DNA) from damage in the first place and (ii) by ensuring repair of damage during spore outgrowth. In our research, we used spores of different genotypes of B. subtilis to study the effects of various extraterrestrial conditions (e.g., planetary conditions as present on Mars or low Earth orbit (LEO)) for astrobiological purposes. Spores of wildtype and mutant B. subtilis strains lacking various structural components were exposed to simulated Martian atmospheric, galactic cosmic and UV irradiation conditions. Spore survival was strongly dependent on the functionality of all of the structural components, with small acid-soluble spore proteins, coat layers, and dipicolinic acid (DPA) as key protectants. In addition, the interaction of several DNA repair mechanisms (e.g., nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and spore photoproduct (SP) lyase) was identified as crucial for surviving environmental extremes in space or Martian surface (i.e., exposure to solar UV and galactic cosmic radiation (Moeller et al., 2012). The ultimate goal is to obtain a complete model describing spore persistence and longevity in harsh environments.

elib-URL des Eintrags:https://elib.dlr.de/118062/
Dokumentart:Konferenzbeitrag (Poster)
Titel:Translating physics to microbiology: spore resistance to terrestrial and extraterrestrial extremes
Autoren:
AutorenInstitution oder E-Mail-AdresseAutoren-ORCID-iDORCID Put Code
Moeller, R.Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (dlr), Cologne, Germany; ralf.moeller (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2371-0676NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Datum:2017
Erschienen in:BIOspektrum - Das Magazin für Biowissenschaften - Abstractbook - Sonderausgabe
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Open Access:Ja
Gold Open Access:Nein
In SCOPUS:Nein
In ISI Web of Science:Nein
Seitenbereich:Seite 154
Verlag:Springer
ISSN:0947-0867
Status:veröffentlicht
Stichwörter:Microbiology, spore resistance, planetary protection
Veranstaltungstitel:MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION 2017, 5th Joint Conference of the DGHM & VAAM, VAAM Annual Meeting 2017, 69th Annual Meeting of the DGHM
Veranstaltungsort:Würzburg, Germany
Veranstaltungsart:internationale Konferenz
Veranstaltungsbeginn:5 März 2017
Veranstaltungsende:8 März 2017
HGF - Forschungsbereich:Luftfahrt, Raumfahrt und Verkehr
HGF - Programm:Raumfahrt
HGF - Programmthema:Forschung unter Weltraumbedingungen
DLR - Schwerpunkt:Raumfahrt
DLR - Forschungsgebiet:R FR - Forschung unter Weltraumbedingungen
DLR - Teilgebiet (Projekt, Vorhaben):R - Vorhaben Strahlenbiologie (alt)
Standort: Köln-Porz
Institute & Einrichtungen:Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin > Strahlenbiologie
Hinterlegt von: Kopp, Kerstin
Hinterlegt am:11 Jan 2018 13:41
Letzte Änderung:24 Apr 2024 20:22

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