Realisierung einer Aufgabenanalyse unter simulierten Spurwechselbedingungen - Erfassung kognitiver Fahranforderungen

Kurzfassung

This exploratory investigation focused on driving related cognitions during lane change maneuvers. Participants experimentally executed appropriate maneuvers performing two different types of lane change on a simulated two-lane highway, which was developed as part of the EU research project AutoMate (Automation as accepted and trusted TeamMate to enhance traffic safety and efficiency) by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Aim of the investigation was to set up and identify driving cognitions as well as underlying goals for lane change maneuvers on the simulated route. For this purpose, the driver-vehicle interaction was modeled using the Cognitive-Perceptual-Motor-GOMS (CPM-GOMS) method derived from the GOMS family (Goals, Operators, Methods, Selection Rules). The formal data analysis was supplemented by asking participants to verbalize their thoughts during the trials, a method commonly referred to as "thinking aloud". This method allowed the recording of the drivers’ cognitive processes and set goals during task performance. The sample consisted of nine subjects, whose verbalization of thoughts revealed numerous cognitive operators and goals during data analysis. Thinking aloud was found to be a reliable instrument in the detection of cognitive processes, and to be applicable without noticeably affecting task performance. However, these results should be replicated using other instruments for corresponding data acquisition, for example eye tracking combined with driving data, to allow drawing of more generalizable implications. In conclusion, findings regarding verbalization ability, objectivity of cognitive operators and goals, classification of lane-change times and phase-time, as well as defining time periods of operators are discussed. This work has potential to serve as basis for the expansion of a CPM-GOMS.