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Onset of solid-state mantle convection and mixing during magma ocean solidification

Maurice, Maxime und Tosi, Nicola und Plesa, Ana-Catalina und Samuel, Henri und Breuer, Doris und Hüttig, Christian (2016) Onset of solid-state mantle convection and mixing during magma ocean solidification. Workshop on the origins of plate tectonics, 2016-07-18 - 2016-07-22, Locarno, Switzerland.

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Kurzfassung

Energy sources involved in the early stages of planetary formation can cause partial or even complete melting of the mantle of terrestrial bodies leading to the formation of magma oceans. Upon planetary cooling, solidification is expected to take place from the bottom upwards because of the steeper slope of the liquid adiabat with respect to the liquidus (Elkins-Tanton, 2012; Solomatov, 2015). Fractional solidification, in particular, can lead to the formation of a compositional layering that can play a fundamental role for the subsequent long-term dynamics and evolution of the interior (Tosi et al., 2013; Plesa et al., 2014). In order to assess to what extent primordial compositional heterogeneities generated upon magma ocean solidification can be preserved, we investigate the cooling and solidification of a whole-mantle magma ocean along with the conditions that allow solid-state convection to start mixing the mantle before solidification has completed. To this end, we run 2-D numerical simulations in cylindrical geometry using the finite-volume code GAIA (Hüttig et al., 2013). We treat the liquid magma ocean in a parametrized fashion while we self-consistently solve the conservation equations of thermochemical convection in the growing solid mantle accounting for pressure-, temperature- and melt-dependent rheology. We consider two end-member cases: fractional crystallization, where melt is instantaneously extracted into the overlying liquid leaving beneath a differentiated mantle, and batch crystallization where melt remains in contact with the silicate matrix throughout solidification causing no differentiation. By testing the effects of different cooling rates and Rayleigh numbers, we show that for a lifetime of the liquid magma ocean between 1 and 10 Myr (Lebrun et al., 2013), the onset of solid state convection prior to complete mantle crystallization is possible and that part or even all of the compositional heterogeneities generated upon fractionation can be erased by efficient mantle stirring (Figure 1). We discuss the consequences of our findings in relation to the early and long-term evolution of compositional heterogeneities generated via fractional crystallization of magma oceans in terrestrial bodies with emphasis on Mars' thermochemical history.

elib-URL des Eintrags:https://elib.dlr.de/108507/
Dokumentart:Konferenzbeitrag (Poster)
Titel:Onset of solid-state mantle convection and mixing during magma ocean solidification
Autoren:
AutorenInstitution oder E-Mail-AdresseAutoren-ORCID-iDORCID Put Code
Maurice, Maximemaxime.maurice (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-120XNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Tosi, Nicolanicola.tosi (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-2848NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Plesa, Ana-CatalinaAna.Plesa (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-7621NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Samuel, HenriNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Breuer, DorisDoris.Breuer (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9019-5304NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Hüttig, ChristianChristian.Huettig (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-3621-7000NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Datum:Juli 2016
Referierte Publikation:Nein
Open Access:Ja
Gold Open Access:Nein
In SCOPUS:Nein
In ISI Web of Science:Nein
Status:veröffentlicht
Stichwörter:Magma ocean, Fractional crystallization, Mars, Terrestrial planets, Mantle convection, Mixing
Veranstaltungstitel:Workshop on the origins of plate tectonics
Veranstaltungsort:Locarno, Switzerland
Veranstaltungsart:Workshop
Veranstaltungsbeginn:18 Juli 2016
Veranstaltungsende:22 Juli 2016
HGF - Forschungsbereich:Luftfahrt, Raumfahrt und Verkehr
HGF - Programm:Raumfahrt
HGF - Programmthema:Erforschung des Weltraums
DLR - Schwerpunkt:Raumfahrt
DLR - Forschungsgebiet:R EW - Erforschung des Weltraums
DLR - Teilgebiet (Projekt, Vorhaben):R - Vorhaben Planetary Evolution and Life (alt)
Standort: Berlin-Adlershof
Institute & Einrichtungen:Institut für Planetenforschung > Planetenphysik
Hinterlegt von: Maurice, Maxime
Hinterlegt am:29 Nov 2016 11:33
Letzte Änderung:24 Apr 2024 20:13

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